Anene, John N. “Military Elites and Democratization: Ghana and Nigeria.” Journal of Political & Military Sociology, 28, no. 2 (2000): 230–45. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45292813.

This study shows that intra-military elite competitive politics between the military democrats and autocrats determine the nature of democratization in Ghana and Nigeria. Also, the duration of the democratic transition is linked to the resolution of the intra-military democratization puzzle within the political military domain. It was also found that the political sociology of military coup behavior reveals the profiles of the military democratic and autocratic elite groups in the armed forces organization. Furthermore, the active support of retired ranking military elites for civilian electoral rule, since the 1990s, enhances the restoration of electoral civilian democracy. Therefore, both the political military activities within the military regime and within the "uncivil military" sector comprising retired military elites inform military democratic analysis in sub-Saharan Africa. Both sectors of the political military relations determine the "military factor" which is vital for successful democratization and sustaining civilian electoral rule in the region.

Source: article abstract